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LPR, LPQ, LPRM
Network Printing Utilities
(for MS-DOS Computers)
Paul Hilchey
University Computing Services
The University of British Columbia
September 18, 1989
Copyright (C) 1989
The University of British Columbia
Introduction
These utilities allow access to printers attached to remote
computer systems via a TCP/IP network. They are
implementations of the like named Unix utilities.
Things You Will Need
You will need to have access to a computer that will accept
print jobs from you. It must be accessible from the network
and support the Berkeley Line Printer protocol (available on
most Unix systems).
Your computer must have a suitable network connection.
Either
1 An Ethernet connection with one of the supported
adapter boards. For an IBM PC, XT, AT, PS/2 model 30,
or compatible, the supported ethernet adapter boards
are:
y 3COM 3C501 Etherlink
y MICOM NI5210
y Ungermann-Bass PC-NIC
y Western Digital WD8003E
For IBM PS/2 models, 50, 60, 70, or 80, or compatible,
the supported boards are:
y Ungermann-Bass NICps/2
y 3COM 3C523 Etherlink/MC
2 A hard-wired serial port supporting the SLIP protocol.
A serial connection is slower than an Ethernet
connection, but may still be adequate.
Getting Started
The software is available by anonymous FTP from mtsg.ubc.ca.
Use binary mode to get the file LP.EXE from the PC1:
directory.
Instructions on how to install these utilities are in the
appendix.
Problem Reports
Problem reports may be sent to Paul_Hilchey@mtsg.ubc.ca.
Acknowledgements
Portions of this software were developed by the National
Centre for Supercomputer Applications at the University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Portions of this software were developed by The Educational
Resources Center at Clarkson University.
PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Inc.
Unix is a registered trademark of AT&T.
IBM PC, XT, AT, and PS/2 are registered trademarks of
International Business Machines Corporation.
MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
NIC is a trademark of Ungermann-Bass.
EtherCard PLUS is a trademark of Western Digital
Corporation.
Ethernet is a trademark of Xerox Corporation.
3COM and Etherlink are trademarks of 3COM Corporation.
Printing a File
To print a file, enter the lpr command followed by the name
of the file. For example, if you had a file called
readme.txt that you wanted to print, you would use
lpr readme.txt
If all goes well, the file will be sent over the network and
then printed. When lpr has finished sending the file, it
reports done and returns to the DOS prompt.
Printing multiple copies
You can print more than one copy of a file by specifying the
-# option. For example:
lpr -#3 readme.txt
will produce three copies of readme.txt. Note that the
remote computer you are sending your print files to may
impose limits on how many copies you can produce.
Printing files with page breaks and page titles
To have your document broken up into pages and printed with
page titles, use the -p option. For example:
lpr -p readme.txt
In this example, each page would have readme.txt as the
title. If you want a title other than the file name, use
the -T option. For example:
lpr -p -T top_secret sdi.doc
The pages would be titled with top_secret. Note that there
must not be any spaces within your title. The -T option is
only of use in combination with the -p option.
You can also specify the page width to use with the -w
option. For example:
lpr -p -w72 readme.txt
will format the text into lines of up to 72 characters. The
-w option only works in combination with the -p option.
Indenting
To have your output shifted away from the left margin, use
the -i option. For example:
lpr -i readme.txt
The printout will be shifted to the right by eight spaces.
For different indents, you can specify the number of spaces
to use:
lpr -i4 readme.txt
will indent by four spaces. There must not be a space
between the -i and the number.
Printing TeX
If you use the TeX text processing package, you can use lpr
to print your .DVI files. To do so, you must use the -d
option. For example:
lpr -d sample.dvi
The remote computer that is doing your printing for you may
or may not be able to print DVI files; check with the system
administrator to find out. Note also that there will be no
opportunity for you to do a font substitution when the DVI
file is interpreted, so you must not use any fonts that are
not available on the printer.
Printing PostScript
If the printer you will be using understands PostScript, it
should automatically recognize the `%!' signature found at
the start of most PostScript files and print them correctly.
You don't need to specify any formatting options.
Printing several files
You can print more than one file at a time; just include
each file name with the lpr command. For example:
lpr -p c:\autoexec.bat c:\config.sys -d -#2 thesis.dvi
As you can see in the example, you can intermix formatting
options in with the files to be printed. The options and
file names are processed from left to right. Whichever
formatting options are currently in effect when lpr finds a
file name are the ones that are used for that file. Once an
option has been set, it remains in effect until changed or
over-ridden by another option.
Using a different printer
Your output is normally sent to the printer identified by
the PRINTER and SERVER environment variables (see part 4 of
the appendix). You can use a different printer and/or print
server by giving the -P and/or -S options. The -P option
changes the name of the printer to use. The -S option
changes the address of the print server computer to use.
For example:
lpr -P LW-407 -S havarti lp.doc
output will be sent to the printer called LW-407 attached to
the computer called havarti.
When you use the -P and -S options, they apply only to that
command. They don't change the PRINTER and SERVER
environment variables. If the PRINTER and SERVER
environment variables have not been set, you must use the -P
and -S options.
Miscellaneous options
Print jobs are normally separated by a `burst page' which
identifies the owner of the output. Printed on the burst
page are the job classification and the job name. The job
classification defaults to your machine name unless set with
the -C option. The job name defaults to the name of the
file being printed unless set with the -J option. For
example:
lpr -C my_output -J beaujolais wine.lst
The job classification and job name must not contain any
spaces. If a burst page is not necessary, you can use the
-h option to prevent it from being printed.
The -f option is used if the your file is formatted with
FORTRAN carriage control characters. FORTRAN carriage
control is seldom used on micro-computers.
The -l option is used if your file contains non-printing
control characters that the printer can understand.
Checking the Status of Your Print Jobs
Since several people may want to use the same printer at the
same time, and each job may take a length of time to print,
a job that you send may not be printed immediately.
Instead, it may have to wait in a queue until the printer is
available. To find out if your output has been printed,
enter the lpq command. The remote computer will be queried
and the status of the jobs it is processing will be
displayed. For example,
lpq
Owner Files Job# Job Name Status Size
kent champagne 34702 caviar Printing 19192
sue smongo.c 31241 smongo.c Printed 27182
paul games.txt 34789 games Awaiting Print 84456
As you can see in the example, the status display includes
other peoples' jobs. To check the status of your jobs only,
add your name to the lpq command:
lpq paul
Only jobs owned by the user paul would be displayed.
Periodic update
To have the status display updated every few seconds, use
the + option:
lpq +
The status will be displayed and then refreshed every few
seconds. To stop the display, press any key on your
keyboard. It will stop automatically when there are no jobs
to report on. You can also set a particular delay interval:
lpq +5
will wait five seconds between display refreshes.
Using a different printer
As with the lpr command, lpq normally uses the printer
identified by the PRINTER and SERVER environment variables
(see part 4 of the appendix), but you can use the -P and -S
options to select a different printer. lpq only checks the
queue for the printer selected.
Cancelling Output
If you change your mind after sending a file for printing,
but before it has actually been printed, you can cancel it
with the lprm command. For example:
lprm 34789
would cancel job 34789. The job number (34789 in this
example) is assigned when you submit the file for printing,
and can be obtained with the lpq command (described above).
You can only cancel your own jobs.
If you want to cancel all of your jobs that are awaiting
print, use the - option in place of the job number:
lprm -
would cancel any of your jobs that had not yet been printed.
lprm will report the names of any files it removes.
Using a different printer
As with the lpr and lpq commands, lprm normally uses the
printer identified by the PRINTER and SERVER environment
variables, but you can use the -P and -S options to select a
different printer.
Appendix A - Installation
These installation instructions assume you have a moderate
amount of technical knowledge of PC's, MS-DOS, and local
area networks. You should have correctly configured and
installed your Ethernet adapter before beginning with these
instructions.
1. Unpack archive file
LP.EXE is a self-extracting archive of the files you will
need. Simply enter LP to extract the files:
lpr.exe - program for printing files
lpq.exe - program to check on print status
lprm.exe - program to cancel a print job
config.tel - network configuration file
slip8250.com - packet driver for serial port
manual.doc - this manual
manual.ps - this manual, in PostScript
After unpacking the archive, you will want to move the
lpr.exe, lpq.exe, and lprm.exe files to a directory along
your search path.
2. Install SLIP packet driver
If you do not have an Ethernet connection, but do have an
asynchronous serial port connection that supports SLIP (the
serial line internet protocol), you can still use this
software. You will, however, have to install an extra
program called a packet driver. If you are using an
Ethernet connection, skip this section.
The packet driver you need to install is in the file
slip8250.com. It is a Terminate and Stay Resident (TSR)
type program; running the program will install it. You will
want to run the program from within your autoexec.bat file
so it is loaded every time you re-boot your machine. To do
so,
1 Copy the slip8250.com file to a directory in your
search path.
2 Choose an available interrupt number in the range 0x60
to 0x7f. On most machines, interrupt 0x60 is probably
available and can be used.
3 Determine which serial port (COM1 or COM2) you are
going to use and at what baud rate.
4 The command to install the packet driver is of the form
slip8250 <interrupt number> slip <irq number>
<port address> <baud rate>
If you are using serial port COM1, the correct values
for <irq number> and <port address> are 4 and 0x3F8.
For COM2, the correct values are 3 and 0x2F8. For
example, to install the packet driver using COM1 at
9600 baud, you would add the line
slip8250 0x60 slip 4 0x3f8 9600
to your autoexec.bat file.
After you have added this line to your autoexec.bat file,
you must re-boot your machine to have it take effect.
3. Modify configuration file
If you use the NCSA Telnet program on your PC, you already
have a config.tel file and should use that instead of the
one unpacked from the archive. The only change you may need
to make is to define the `myname' entry, which specifies the
name that your machine is known by. Once you have done
that, skip to section 4.
If you do not already have them, obtain an IP address, a
subnet mask, and a name for your machine from your local
network administrator.
Next, edit the config.tel file to reflect the above
information, and also the type and configuration of your
network connection. Only seven of the entries in the
config.tel file are essential:
myname=fred.phys.ubc.ca
Your machine must have a name that it is to be
known by. Check with your local network
administrator to find a suitable name.
myip=128.189.123.456
Your machine must have a unique address. Using an
incorrect address can cause problems for other
people on the network, so be careful. See your
local network administrator if you need help.
netmask=255.255.0.0
Again, see your network administrator.
hardware=wd8003
This entry identifies the type of Ethernet adapter
you have, or if you are using a packet driver.
Value Ethernet Board Requires
3C501 3COM 3C501 Etherlink interrupt,
ioaddr
PCNIC Ungermann-Bass PC-NIC address, ioaddr
NI5210 Micom NI5210 address, ioaddr
WD8003 Western Digital WD8003E address, ioaddr
NICps2 Ungermann-Bass NICps/2 address
3C523 3COM 3C523 Etherlink/MC address, ioaddr
packet FTP packet driver address, ioaddr
Depending on the Ethernet adapter type, you may
need to set the interrupt, ioaddr, and address
entries as indicated above.
interrupt=5
The hardware interrupt vector number that your
Ethernet adapter was configured for (Only required
for 3C501 adapter).
address=d000
The segment address of the Ethernet board's shared
memory, entered as four hexadecimal digits. Set
to the value that your Ethernet adapter is
configured for. If you are using a packet driver
interface, set to 0.
ioaddr=360
The I/O base address of the Ethernet board in
hexadecimal. Set to the value that your Ethernet
adapter is configured for. If you are using a
packet driver interface, set to the interrupt
number (do not include the 0x prefix).
Edit your autoexec.bat file to the set the environment
variable CONFIG.TEL to be the location of your config.tel
file. For example:
set configtel=c:\utility\config.tel
Complete documentation on the configuration file can be
found in chapter 6 of NCSA Telnet for the PC, Version 2.2TN
and Version 2.2D.
4. Set up a default printer and server
In order to use these utilities you need to specify the name
or address of a print server, the computer that receives
files from you and prints them. Since a print server may
have several printers attached to it, you also need to
specify the name of the printer that you want to use. You
obtain this information from the system administrator of the
machine that is to be your print server.
You could give the printer name and server address each time
you use one of the printing utilities, but it is usually
more convenient to put them in the PRINTER and SERVER
environment variables. The SERVER environment variable, if
defined, gives the name or Internet address of the print
server to use. The PRINTER environment variable gives the
name of the printer on the server machine that is to be
used. You will probably want to set the PRINTER and SERVER
variables to suitable values in your autoexec.bat file. For
example:
set printer=cntr
set server=128.189.103.1
If you later have a file that you want printed on a
different printer, you can either set PRINTER and/or SERVER
to that printer, or use the -P and/or -S options with the
lpr, lpq, and lprm commands.
Appendix B - Notes for System Administrators
These notes are directed to the administrator of a Unix
system who wishes to allow use of the system as a print
server. They briefly describe the steps needed under Sun
OS, but other Unix systems should be similar. You should
also refer to sections 12.3 (etc/hosts), 19.4 (hosts.lpd)
and chapter 22 (name server) of the SunOS System & Network
Administration manual.
The first step is to add entries in the LPD access file,
/etc/hosts.lpd, for the machines that are to have access.
Edit the file and insert the names of the machines, one per
line. Note that an IP address is not acceptable, so all
microcomputers that are to have access must be assigned a
name.
The second step is to add entries to either the /etc/hosts
file (if you are not using a domain name server) or to the
name server database (if you are using a name server).
Entries in the /etc/hosts file consist of IP addresses and
names, one entry per line.
If you are using a name server, list your named.boot file to
find out what the relevant hosts and rev.hosts files are
called. Next, edit those files, being sure to update the
serial numbers at the start of them. To make the changes
take effect, use the Unix command:
kill -HUP `cat /etc/named.pid`
This will cause the name server daemon to re-read the files.
